// Sources and information about the C# language
// [1]: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/
// 

# Sources and information about the Python language
# [1]: https://docs.python.org/3/reference/index.html
# [2]: https://peps.python.org
# 

// Sources and information about the Rust language
// [1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/index.html
// [2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/rustdoc
// 

// This is a single line comment
// Source [1]: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/language-reference/tokens/comments

# This is a single line comment
# Source [1]: https://docs.python.org/3/reference/lexical_analysis.html#comments

// This is a single line comment
// Source [1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/comments.html#non-doc-comments

/*
    This
    is
    a
    block
    comment

    Source [1]: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/language-reference/tokens/comments
*/

"""
    This
    is
    a
    multi-line
    string
    (Not a true block comment but equivalent)
    Can use either triple single quote (') or triple double quote (")

    Source [1]: https://docs.python.org/3/reference/lexical_analysis.html#string-and-bytes-literals
        -> see "longstring" definition
"""

/*
    This
    is
    a
    block
    comment

    Source [1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/comments.html#non-doc-comments
*/

/// <summary> This is a single line documentation comment. </summary>
/** <summary>
    This is a multiple
    line documentation comment.
    This can apply to any class and its members.
    Uses XML markup for formatting.

    Source [1]: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/language-reference/xmldoc/
</summary>
*/

""" This is a documentation comment applied to class, function or module when it is the first expression inside. 
    Source [1]: https://docs.python.org/3/glossary.html#term-docstring 
    Source [2]: https://peps.python.org/pep-0257/

    Uses ReStructureText markup for formatting 
    Source [2]: https://peps.python.org/pep-0287/
"""

//! This is a outer line documentation comment
/*! This is an outer block documentation comment.
    Applies to the parent item of this comment.
*/ 

/// This is an inner line documentation comment
/** This is an inner block documentation comment.
    Applies to the item after this comment.
    Uses Markdown for formatting.
*/

// Source [1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/comments.html#doc-comments
// Source [2]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/rustdoc/write-documentation/the-doc-attribute.html

// Source [1]: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/language-reference/builtin-types/bool#literals
// True and False Literals
true
false

# Source [1]: 
#   - https://docs.python.org/3/library/constants.html#False
#   - https://docs.python.org/3/library/constants.html#True
# True and False Literal - Constants in Python
True
False

// Source [1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/expressions/literal-expr.html#boolean-literal-expressions

// True and False Literal
true
false

// Integral Literal
// Source [1]: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/language-reference/builtin-types/integral-numeric-types#integer-literals 
0
42
-1
100_000
// Floating Point Literal
// Source [1]: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/language-reference/builtin-types/floating-point-numeric-types
3.14
-2.71

# Source [1]: https://docs.python.org/3/reference/lexical_analysis.html#numeric-literals
# Python has 3 kinds of numeric literals: Integer, Floating Point, and Imaginary
# Integer Literal
# Source [1]: https://docs.python.org/3/reference/lexical_analysis.html#integer-literals
0
42
-1
100_000
# Floating Point Literal
# Source [1]: https://docs.python.org/3/reference/lexical_analysis.html#floating-point-literals
3.14
-2.71
# Imaginary Literal
# Source [1]: https://docs.python.org/3/reference/lexical_analysis.html#imaginary-literals
1j
8.32j

// Source [1]: 
//      - https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/tokens.html#numbers
//      - https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/tokens.html#number-literals

// Integer Literal
// Source [1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/tokens.html#integer-literals
0
42
-1
100_000
// Floating Point Literal
// Source [1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/tokens.html#floating-point-literals
3.14
-2.71

// Character Literal
// Source [1]: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/language-reference/language-specification/lexical-structure#6455-character-literals
'a'
// String Literal
// Source [1]: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/language-reference/language-specification/lexical-structure#6456-string-literals
"Hello"

# String Literal
# Source [1]: https://docs.python.org/3/reference/lexical_analysis.html#string-and-bytes-literals
# Python does not distinguish between characters and strings
# Characters are just strings of length 1
'a'
"Hello"

// Character Literal
// Source [1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/tokens.html#character-literals
'a'
// String Literal
// Source [1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/tokens.html#string-literals
"Hello"

// Source [1]: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/language-reference/keywords/
// Each keyword is separated by comma (,)
abstract , as , base , bool , break , byte , case , catch , char , checked , class , 
const , continue , decimal , default , delegate , do , double , else , enum , event , 
explicit , extern , false , finally , fixed , float , for , foreach , goto , if , 
implicit , in , int , interface , internal , is , lock , long , namespace , new , null , 
object , operator , out , override , params , private , protected , public , readonly , 
ref , return , sbyte , sealed , short , sizeof , stackalloc , static , string , struct , 
switch , this , throw , true , try , typeof , uint , ulong , unchecked , unsafe , ushort , 
using , virtual , void , volatile , while

# Source [1]: https://docs.python.org/3/reference/lexical_analysis.html#keywords
# Each keyword is separated by comma (,)
and , as , assert , async , await , break , class , continue , def , del , 
elif , else , except , False , finally , for , from , global , import , 
if , in , is , lambda , not , None , nonlocal , or , pass , raise , 
return , True , try , while , with , yield

// Source [1] https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/keywords.html#strict-keywords
// Each keyword is separated by comma (,)
as , async , await , break , const , continue , crate , dyn , else , enum , 
extern , false , fn , for , if , impl , in , let , loop , match , mod , 
move , mut , pub , ref , return , self , Self , static , struct , 
super , trait , true , type , unsafe , use , where , while

// Source [1]: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/language-reference/keywords/#contextual-keywords
// Each keyword is separated by comma (,)
add , and , alias , ascending , args , async , await , by , descending , dynamic , equals , file , from , 
get , global , group , init , into , join , let , managed , nameof , nint , not , notnull , nuint , on , 
or , orderby , partial , record , remove , required , scoped , select , set , unmanaged , value , var , 
when , where , with , yield

# Source [1]: https://docs.python.org/3/reference/lexical_analysis.html#soft-keywords
# This is since version 3.10
# Each keyword is separated by comma (,)
_ , case , match

// Source [1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/keywords.html#weak-keywords
// Each keyword is separated by comma (,)
dyn , union , 'static

// Source [1]: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/language-reference/language-specification/lexical-structure#643-identifiers
example
ident_1
_ident2
// Keyword as identifier
@if

# Source [1]: https://docs.python.org/3/reference/lexical_analysis.html#identifiers
example
ident_1
_ident2

// Source [1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/identifiers.html
example
ident_1
_ident2
// Keyword as identifier
r#if

// Source [1]: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/language-reference/builtin-types/built-in-types
// List of data types separated by comma ( , )
bool, byte, sbyte, char, decimal, double, float, 
int, uint, nint, nuint, long, ulong, short, ushort,
// void - act as a type for function that returns nothing

# Source [1]: https://docs.python.org/3/reference/datamodel.html#the-standard-type-hierarchy
# List of data types separated by comma ( , )
None, NotImplemented, Ellipsis, 
# Sub-classes of Number supertype
int, bool, float, complex 

// Source [1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/types.html
// List of data types separated by comma ( , )
bool,
// Numeric
i8, u8, i16, u16, f32, i32, u32,  f64, i64, u64
// Textual
char

// Source [1]: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/language-reference/builtin-types/built-in-types
// List of data types separated by comma ( , )
object, string, dynamic

# Source [1]: https://docs.python.org/3/reference/datamodel.html#the-standard-type-hierarchy
# List of data types separated by comma ( , )
# Sequence types
str, bytes, bytearray, list, tuple,
# Set types
set, frozenset,
# Mapping Types
dict,
# Class and object
class, object
# Slice
slice,
# Functions, Generators, Coroutines, and Async functions 

// Source [1]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/types.html
// List of data types separated by comma ( , )
struct, enum, union, 
// Tuple, Array, Slice, 
// References, Raw Pointer, Function Pointer,
// Trait, Impl

bool a = true;

a = True

// Immutable variable
let a: bool = true;
let b = false;

// Mutable variable
let mut c: bool = true;
let mut d = false;

const bool A_CONST = true;

# Python has no enforceable constant
# By conventions, identifiers in SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE usually signify constants 
A_CONST = True

const A_CONST: bool = true;

void NoParameterFunction(){}
void SingleParameterFunction(bool param){}
void MultipleParameterFunction(int param1, int param2){}

def no_parameter_function():
    pass

def single_parameter_function(param):
    pass

def multiple_parameter_function(param1, param2):
    pass

fn no_parameter_function() -> () {}
fn single_parameter_function(param1: i64) -> () {}
fn multiple_parameter_function(param1: i64, param2: i64) -> () {}

// S1;S2
/* 
S0;
{ 
    S1;
    S2;S3;
    S4;
}
S5;
*/ 

# S1\nS2
# or
# S1;S2
"""
S0
# implied block
    S1;
    S2
    S3;S4
S5

"""

// S1;S2
/*
S0;
{ 
    S1;
    S2;S3;
    S4;
}
S5;
*/

bool condition = true; // or false
if(condition){
    // Code here run when condition is true
}

condition: bool = True # or False
if condition:
    # Code here run when condition is true
    pass

let condition: bool = true; // or false
if condition {
    // Code here run when condition is true
}

bool condition = true; // or false
if(condition){
    // Code runs here when conditional is true
}
else {
    // Code runs here when conditional is false
}

condition = True # or False
if condition:
    # Code runs here when conditional is True
    pass
else: 
    # Code runs here when conditional is False
    pass

let condition = true; // or false
if condition {
    // Code runs here when conditional is true
}
else {
    // Code runs here when conditional is false
}

bool condition_1 = false; // or true
bool condition_2 = true; // or false
if(condition_1){
    // Code runs here when conditional_1 is true (regardless of condition_2)
}
else if (condition_2){
    // Code runs here when condition_1 is false and condition_2 is true
}
else {
    // Code runs here when both condition_1 and condition_2 are false
}

condition_1 = False # or True
condition_2 = True # or False
if condition_1:
    # Code runs here when conditional_1 is True (regardless of condition_2)
    pass
elif condition_2:
    # Code runs here when condition_1 is false and condition_2 is true
    pass
else: 
    # Code runs here when both condition_1 and condition_2 are false
    pass

let condition_1 = false; // or true
let condition_2 = true; // or false
if condition_1 {
    // Code runs here when condition_1 is true (regardless of condition_2)
}
else if condition_2 {
    // Code runs here when condition_1 is false and condition_2 is true
}
else {
    // Code runs here when both condition_1 and condition_2 are false
}

bool cond = true;
var true_val = 1;
var false_val = 22;
var res = cond ? true_val : false_val;

cond = True
true_val = 1
false_val = 22
res = true_val if cond else false_val

let cond = true;
let true_val = 1; 
let false_val = 22;
let res = if cond {true_val} else {false_val};

bool condition = true;
while(condition){
    // Run code inside when true
}

condition = True
while condition:
    # Run code inside when true
    pass

let condition: bool = true;
while condition {
    // Run code inside when true
}

while True:
    # Do this forever
    pass

loop {
    // Do this forever
}

for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++){
    Console.WriteLine(i);
}

for i in range(0,10):
    print(i)

for i in 0..10 {
    println!(i);
}

var numbers = [1,2,3,4,5];
foreach(var number in numbers){
    Console.WriteLine(number);
}

numbers = [1,2,3,4,5]
for number in numbers:
    print(number)

for i in 0..10 {
    println!(i);
}